Advanced Measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> Diffusion in sI and sII Clathrate Hydrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clathrate hydrates could be a promising medium for carbon sequestration due to their high storage capacity and relatively mild stability conditions. Understanding the diffusion characteristics of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in clathrate hydrates is crucial for safety and efficiency assessments. In this work, two novel techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and multiball adsorption, were employed to measure CO 2 diffusion in tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate and CO 2 hydrate at 263.2–276.2 K. SCXRD measurements confirmed that CO 2 could diffuse in a THF hydrate single crystal. The diffusion coefficients were calculated to be 3.5–4.2 × 10 –15 m 2 /s. It was also found that CO 2 occupancy in the small (5 12 ) cage led to a decrease in the lattice unit cell parameter of the THF hydrate. Relying on the week(s)-long multiball adsorption experiments, the CO 2 diffusion coefficients in the THF hydrate balls and ice balls were calculated to be 4.1–13.2 × 10 –14 and 1.1–2.9 × 10 –14 m 2 /s, respectively. It was found that the CO 2 diffusion coefficient decreased with temperature in THF hydrate balls but increased in ice balls. The CO 2 diffusion coefficients changed over time. All of the CO 2 diffusion coefficients rapidly increased first and then slowly decreased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".