Modulation of the effects of a cholesterol-supplemented high-fat diet by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation and/or tryptophan reduction in male mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose role in energy metabolism is obscure. Most of its physiological ligands are derived from tryptophan (TRP). Here, fifty male C57BL/6JRccHsd mice were assigned to one of five feeding groups, control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD; 45% of energy from fat), HFD with only 70% of the regular TRP concentration (HFDtrp), HFD supplemented with a weakly toxic AHR agonist C2 (HFDc2), or HFDtrp with C2 (HFDtrp-c2). All diets contained 2% cholesterol and were fed for 18 weeks. On weeks 14–16, the mice were tested for gas exchange and locomotor activity, and on weeks 15–17 for glucose tolerance (GTT) and insulin sensitivity (ITT). At termination, tissue samples were collected for biochemical and AI-assisted histological analyses. Body weight gain (BWG) was only 28–38% higher in the HFD groups than in the CD group, but the HFD-fed mice accumulated 43–61% more fat. Calorie intake was greater in the two low-TRP groups than in the two other HFD groups, while BWG remained similar. C2 induced Cyp1a1 expression (an index of AHR activity) in all tissues examined and increased the ratio of micro-/macrosteatosis in the liver. The HFDs tended to reduce insulin sensitivity, CO 2 production, and the ability to respond appropriately to a low-temperature challenge. These findings suggest that the effects of AHR activity modulation on energy balance are strongly context-dependent. A sensitive response to long-term AHR activation appears to be elevated micro-/macrosteatosis ratio in the liver when exposed to HFD. • 50 male C57BL/6JRccHsd mice were fed for 4.5 months with one of five diets • High-fat diets (HFDs) increased calorie intake & body fat more than body weight (BW) • HFD with low tryptophan augmented calorie intake vs. other HFDs but not BW gain • HFD with the AHR agonist C2 elevated hepatic micro-/macrosteatosis ratio • Microsteatosis showed a positive correlation with hepatic inflammatory foci
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".