Characterization of Protein and Oil in Winter-Hardy Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Grown in Virginia (USA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We had previously reported that faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has considerable potential as an alternate winter food legume crop in the eastern USA to supply green immature seeds. Current study was conducted to characterize protein quality of mature faba bean seed. We determined concentrations of protein and oil in mature seeds of two winter-hardy faba bean breeding lines. Two faba bean lines (VSX-BL and VSX-BH) were planted in the field in November 2022 and mature pods were harvested in July 2023. The mean values for protein and oil concentrations were 23.4 and 1.42 percent, respectively. The mean values for Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Total Lysine, Tyrosine, Valine, Methionine, and Tryptophan were 1.02, 2.00, 2.58, 3.92, 0.25, 1.04, 0.62, 0.98, 1.79, 1.03, 1.00, 1.17, 0.86, 1.64, 0.59, 1.11, 0.19, and 0.23 percent, respectively. The mean values for saturated, poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were 0.32, 0.64, and 0.38 percent, respectively. The two winter-hardy lines had significantly different concentrations of several amino acids but variation for fatty acids was not significantly different. Concentrations of oil, protein, amino acids, and fatty acids in our studies were intermediate between soybean and pea seeds. Based on challenges with soybean and pea seeds, we conclude that faba bean seeds produced in Virginia provide a potential source of plant proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".