Evaluation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GADPH) and Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (LHR) Gene Polymorphisms in Buffaloes and Cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present work evaluates whether buffalo and cattle have different sequences of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPDH) genes. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 38 animals (17 buffaloes and 21 cows) and the ovarian granulosa cells of 13 cows. Primers used for amplification were reported in the literature. The PCR products obtained were analyzed via electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gels and sequenced via the Sanger technique. The electropherograms were analyzed via DNA Baser software, and the sequences were aligned via MEGA5 software. The quality of the electropherograms was evaluated via UGENE software.The edited contigs corresponding to the GAPDH gene were 100 nucleotides long, whereas those of the LHR gene reached 151 nucleotides. The most relevant changes were observed in the following positions: valine for isoleucine at position 65; asparagine for cysteine at position 67; alanine for glycine at position 70; threonine for proline at position 72; glycine for arginine at position 88; and alanine for aspartic acid at position 89. In the analyzed region, a variation was identified at position 446, where buffaloes preferentially present threonine, whereas in cows, alanine or valine.It is reported for the first time that there are differences in the LHr and GAPDH genes between buffaloes and cattle. The bioinformatic analysis of these sequences may explain whether the changes may affect the function of the genes and whether these may be responsible for the differences observed in the reproduction of the species analyzed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".