Extended stability of bivalirudin in intravenous solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Bivalirudin is the preferred anticoagulant for pediatric ventricular assist device (VAD) patients. The manufacturer only permits the diluted drug to be used for 24 h once mixed with the sterile solutions. Most infants on VAD require much less than a single infusion bag in 24 h and any remaining infusion at 24 h must be discarded, resulting in increased medication waste and health care costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of storage containers and temperature on the stability and activity of intravenous (IV) bivalirudin solutions. Results Diluted bivalirudin (AngioMax®) IV solutions (1 and 5 mg/mL in dextrose 5% in water) were prepared in bags and syringes and stored at room temperature and at 2–8 °C. Bivalirudin concentrations were determined at different time points. Bivalirudin activity was determined by assessing its anticoagulating effect on human plasma via partial thromboplastin time (PTT) prolongation. Results suggest that a compounded bivalirudin infusion solution maintains its therapeutic activity and stability at room temperature for up to 48 h. Conclusions Data suggest that bivalirudin solutions in dextrose 5% in water and protected from light are potentially stable at room temperature for up to 48 h. Further studies are needed to confirm our study findings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".