Migration‐induced separation: Perspectives of Ghanaian women left behind
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The literature on women left behind due to husbands’ migration presents mixed findings. However, studies exploring these women's interpretations of family separation due to their husbands’ geographical dislocations are limited. To fill this gap, this study examines how Ghanaian women left behind due to their husbands’ migration interpret migration‐induced family separation. Filling this scholarly gap is important as it provides insights into these women's feelings and expectations regarding their husbands’ migration. Our findings suggest that these women's lived experiences of their husbands’ migration shape how they feel about family separation—reminding us not to view these wives solely as remittance recipients, but as individuals in affective relationships with their husbands, whether positive or negative. Based on in‐depth interviews with 44 participants, this paper demonstrates that the embodied experiences of these women influenced their interpretation of family separation. The interpretations of both categories of women left behind coalesce around pessimistic, optimistic, and ambivalent perspectives. Their ambivalence in particular demonstrates that the uncertainties of family separation cannot be reduced simply to gains or losses but rather are complex. Overall, this study builds on the existing literature by contributing new findings that comparatively integrate the experiences of both women whose husbands migrate internally and those whose husbands migrate internationally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".