Cerebellar and subcortical contributions to working memory manipulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Working memory is critical for manipulating and temporarily storing information during cognitive tasks such as problem-solving. Most models focus primarily on cortical-cortical interactions, neglecting subcortical and cerebellar contributions. Given the extensive connectivity between the cerebellum, subcortex, and cortex, we hypothesize that they contribute distinct, yet complementary, functions during working memory manipulation. To test this, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to measure blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity while participants performed a mental rotation task. Our results revealed a distributed network spanning the cortex, subcortex, and cerebellum that differentiates rotated from non-rotated stimuli and correct from incorrect responses. Notably, delayed responses in premotor, subcortical, and cerebellar regions during incorrect trials, suggest that their precise recruitment is crucial for successful working memory manipulation. These findings expand current models of working memory manipulation, revealing the collaborative role of subcortical and cerebellar regions in coordinating higher cognitive functions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".