NOX4 serves as a pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in tumorigenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a key regulator of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. It contributes to cancer cell transformation, proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NOX4-mediated tumorigenesis, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis, integrating data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and validated our findings with in vitro experiments. We systematically analyzed NOX4 expression patterns across various cancer types and explored the correlations between NOX4 expression and patient survival, immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). In vitro assays, including Wound healing, Transwell, and CCK-8 assays, were conducted to validate the biological functions of NOX4 in breast cancer cells. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that NOX4 is significantly upregulated in various cancers, including breast cancer. Elevated NOX4 expression is associated with poor patient prognosis, immune cell infiltration, TMB, and MSI. Functional experiments confirmed that downregulation of NOX4 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Our pan-cancer analysis provides valuable insights into the role of NOX4 in tumorigenesis. These results highlight NOX4 as a promising biomarker for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for anti-tumor treatments across multiple cancer types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".