CARDIOVASCULAR REPERCUSSIONS RESULTING FROM THE USE OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES BY YOUNG ADULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This integrative review aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of electronic cigarettes and the occurrence of cardiovascular outcomes in young adults. Initially, the analysis intended to include individuals aged 18 to 28; however, due to the scarcity of specific studies, it was necessary to expand the age range to 18 to 54 years. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed, LILACS, and ScienceDirect databases, employing controlled descriptors and specific Boolean operators. After identifying 57 articles and removing duplicates, 11 studies were selected for full reading and analysis. The extracted data were organized in a comparative table including author, title, study type, exposure, analyzed outcome, and main findings. The methodological quality of observational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The analysis revealed that the use of electronic cigarettes is associated with significant adverse effects on cardiovascular health, including endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, arterial stiffness, autonomic nervous system alterations, and a higher predisposition to thrombogenicity. These findings highlight the need for further longitudinal studies to clarify long-term effects and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".