Abnormal temporal prediction relates to psychomotor retardation in major depressive disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits psychomotor retardation which concerns abnormal slowness of both thoughts and movements. In the current study, we investigated whether such psychomotor disturbance also disrupts the MDD subjects’ ability to synchronize their movements to a rhythmic tone sequence. We found that the timing between finger taps and tones is altered for MDD subjects (N=38), compared with healthy controls (N=65), mainly when tones are presented at a low frequency below 1 Hz. No differences, however, are observed in terms of the tapping speed, tapping stability, and tapping interval. Auditory-motor desynchronization in the low frequency range (< 1Hz) is associated with depression severity as well as with the degrees of both psychomotor anhedonia and vegetative symptoms (using the Beck Depression Inventory). In sum, our study demonstrates a frequency-specific auditory-motor synchronization deficit in MDD which also relates to psychomotor retardation. This suggests disruption of the cognitive capacity of temporal prediction for low-frequency auditory-motor synchronization in MDD. That supports a cognitive and therefore psychomotor over a motor view of psychomotor retardation in MDD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".