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Record W4412174638 · doi:10.1002/cam4.71046

A Case Control Study Examining the Patterns and Predictors of Referral to Cancer Rehabilitation at Canada's Largest Comprehensive Cancer Centre

2025· article· en· W4412174638 on OpenAlexaffabout
Jennifer M. Jones, Rogih Andrawes, Adrienne Lam, Gilla K. Shapiro, Madeline Li, Danielle Rodin, Lisa Avery

Bibliographic record

VenueCancer Medicine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCancer survivorship and care
Canadian institutionsPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity of Toronto
Fundersnot available
KeywordsReferralRehabilitationMedicineCancerLogistic regressionSurvivorship curveCancer survivorCancer registryLymphedemaPhysical therapyFamily medicineBreast cancerInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Cancer rehabilitation has become increasingly relevant as the number of cancer survivors grows, coupled with the high-documented rates of adverse effects and related disability. Cancer rehabilitation can reduce functional limitations among cancer survivors and enhance their well-being. However, only a small proportion of individuals are referred to rehabilitation services. To identify and address disparities and foster access, it is essential to develop a better understanding of the factors that drive referral to cancer rehabilitation services. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and symptom burden of patients who were referred to the Princess Margaret Cancer Rehabilitation and Survivorship (CRS) Program between 2017 and 2019 and (2) Compare these variables between patients who were referred to CRS (n = 2783) and matched cases who were not referred over this period (n = 18,434). A retrospective secondary analysis of data extracted from the Princess Margaret (PM) Cancer Registry, electronic patient records, and patient-reported outcome data (PROMs) (including ESAS-r and ECOG status) was performed. Summary statistics were used to describe the patients referred to the CRS program. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with likelihood of referral. RESULTS: Most referred patients were female (74%), English speakers (93%) and half lived within 15 km of the referred hospital. The most common reasons for referral were musculoskeletal impairment (26%) and lymphedema (25.4%). Many patients (45%) had multiple reasons for referral. Several key predictors of referral were identified including closer distance to hospital, lower age (< 65 years), cancer site, and completion of PROMs. For those who completed PROMs, patient reported function status and pain scores were related to referral. CONCLUSION: The findings can be helpful in optimizing the referral processes and addressing disparities regarding access to cancer rehabilitation. Solutions are likely multifaceted including health care provider and patient education and systemic changes to address barriers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.109
Threshold uncertainty score0.722

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.311
Teacher spread0.286 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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