Investigation of crack tip opening displacement fracture toughness in repair welds of process piping
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Process piping welds are important because the equipment is a key component in energy and chemical processing. The study assesses repair and original welds using tensile tests, microhardness, microscopy, crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) at −29 °C and Charpy at three distinct temperatures, followed by statistical analysis and numerical modelling. Experiment involves the welding of 18-inch-diameter carbon steel piping materials. Correlogram delineates the primary factors of CTOD, whereas one-way ANOVA evaluates the influence of CTOD configurations. Weld centrelines (WCLs) without repairs exhibit superior CTOD values as compared to fusion lines. Tensile properties exceed those of the base metal, with average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of 479 MPa and 568 MPa for repair welds (RWs) and 516 MPa and 604 MPa for original welds, respectively. The overall minimum value of Charpy is 39 J at −29 °C, while the lowest CTOD values for repair and original welds are 0.204 mm and 0.44 mm, respectively, both above the 0.15 mm industry norm. Numerical modelling defines the overall correlation of CTOD with the ratios of average crack length to width and yield strength to tensile strength. Repair and original welds exceeded the requirements of ASME B31.3, improving performance and extending the operational lifespan of equipment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it