Exploring the Interplay Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Anorexia Nervosa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: A strong association exists between anorexia nervosa (AN) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The levels of these psychiatric symptoms observed in AN may be influenced by different biological factors related to poor nutritional status and changes in thyroid hormone levels. Yet, few studies have investigated this relationship. The objective of this study is to examine the association between depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and circulating thyroid hormones in a sample of undernourished patients with AN. METHODS: Two hundred and two patients with AN (DSM-IV TR) were included in the study and were assessed upon admission for duration of illness, psychiatric treatments, sociodemographic data, and different psychopathological symptoms [depression (BDI), anxiety (HAD scale), obsessive-compulsive (MOCI), social phobia (LSAS fear sub-scale), and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26)] using psychometric scales. Nutritional status was assessed with body mass index (BMI) and body composition using bioelectrical impedance. Upon patient admission, free-T3 (fT3), free-T4 (fT4), and TSH thyroid hormone plasma levels were collected, as well as albumin and transthyretin levels. RESULTS: Taking into consideration confounding factors, particularly the duration of AN evolution, thyroid hormone (fT3 and/or fT4) blood levels can partially explain the levels of depression and OCD symptoms of the doubt type and social phobia in undernourished AN patients. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of these symptoms among malnourished individuals requires investigation to differentiate between symptoms directly related to the biological effects of malnutrition and those indicative of a comorbid condition such as depression or anxiety.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".