Xenes-based QCM sensors: exploring borophene and silicene for humidity sensing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Borophene and silicene, two novel members of the Xene family, feature high surface reactivity and stability suitable for sensing applications. However, the gas sensing capabilities of these materials in their pristine form have not been systematically investigated. Here we show that borophene- and silicene-based quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors achieve stable and sensitive relative humidity detection and we model their adsorption-desorption mechanisms. Borophene and silicene nanosheets were synthesized via liquid-phase exfoliation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The QCM sensors exhibited sensitivities of 3.2 Hz/%RH and 3.9 Hz/%RH, response/recovery times of 122/65 s and 47/130 s and hysteresis of 1.8% and 3.8% hysteresis for borophene and silicene, respectively. The dominant sensing mechanism was determined to be chemisorption, supported by thermodynamic modeling. These results suggest that 2D borophene and silicene can significantly contribute to sensing applications, especially in environments requiring air stability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".