The effects of grain-induced subactue ruminal acidosis on interleukin-6 and acute phase response in dairy cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) resulting from excessive grain feeding to dairy cows is accompanied by an acute phase response. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been proposed as a mediator of this response. We tested if the acute phase response associated with grain-induced SARA is mediated by IL-6. Six lactating Danish Holstein cows were used in a cross over study that included two periods with two cows on a control diet and two cows on a SARA-challenge diet, and a third period with two cows on the SARA-challenge diet. Control cows received a total mixed ration (174 g crude protein/kg DM; 192 g starch/kg DM; 6.28 MJ NEL/kg DM) for two weeks before 40% this diet was gradually substituted with grain pellets (50:50 wheat:barley) within 3 days. The SARA diet was fed for another four days before switching back to the control diet. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein at 7 h post-feeding on d 5, and d 3 before SARA induction and during three SARA days. ELISA kits were used for measurement of IL-6, and the acute phase proteins haptoglobin (Hp), LPS binding protein (LBP), and serum amyloid A (SAA). The SARA challenge tended to increase LBP (7.54 vs. 10.23 mg/L, P = 0.10), and increased the SAA (4.24 vs. 11.60 mg/L, P = 0.04) and Hp (3.57 vs. 22.09 mg/L, P = 0.04) in blood plasma, confirming that the challenge caused an acute phase response. Concentrations of IL-6 were not affected by the SARA challenge, and averaged 5.06 ng/mL across treatments. Our data do not confirm that IL-6 mediates the acute phase response during grain-induced SARA. This conformation may require more frequent blood sampling around the time of the SARA challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".