Monitoring Oxidation in Natural Ester Insulating Liquids Through FTIR Spectroscopy Analysis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the thermal aging behavior of MIDEL eN1204, a natural ester-based insulating oil derived from rapeseed, using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as the primary analytical method. The oil samples were subjected to an intensive thermal aging process at 115°C for 1000 hours to replicate the long-term aging process that occurs in transformers. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to monitor shifts in key absorbance bands indicative of oxidative and hydrolytic degradation. The 1711 cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> band, associated with carbonyl compounds, showed a significant increase in intensity, marking the oil's degradation. A differential normalization approach was introduced to enhance the detection of these aging effects. The results demonstrate the potential of FTIR spectroscopy to improve diagnostic processes of natural ester insulating liquids for maintaining transformer insulation systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it