Ultra‐High Friction and Adhesion in Hydrogel Layer Driven by Wet‐to‐Dry Transition Dynamics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogels are well-known for their antifriction and lubricating properties, particularly in hydrated environments, where their water-rich polymer networks enable effective friction reduction. However, during the wet-to-dry transition, a critical phase is identified during which the microstructures of a polyacrylamide hydrogel layer undergo volumetric shrinkage, leading to extensive interfacial contact and enhanced intermolecular interactions at solid interfaces. This process leads to a sharp increase in friction and adhesion forces. Sliding friction tests show that under a 2 mN load, the shear force peaked at 115 mN, corresponding to a remarkably high friction coefficient of 57.5. By leveraging this wet-to-dry transition, strong object gripping is successfully achieved across a range of surfaces. Notably, the hydrogel layer exhibits a high adhesion strength of 3.48 MPa on glass and 3.64 MPa on Si substrates. These findings offer new insights into hydrogel active gripping technologies and provide promising implications for soft robotics and adhesive interfaces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".