Repetitive head impact exposure in collegiate wrestling practices using instrumented mouthguard technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Collegiate wrestling presents a higher risk of concussion than American football. However, there is limited research on repetitive head impact exposure in wrestling, and how it compares to football is unknown. Therefore, this study explores repetitive head impacts in Division 1 collegiate wrestlers (n = 11, age = 20 ± 2 years, 125–285 lbs) during the 2019–2020 wrestling season. Using an instrumented mouthguard, we examined impact numbers and head kinematics, including linear acceleration, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Of the 246 true positive impacts identified, 60% were head-to-body, 30.1% head-to-head, and 9.9% head-to-ground. Although head-to-ground impacts demonstrated higher magnitudes, differences were not significant. The median PLA was 39.89 g, which is higher than previous reports of head impacts in football. This study provides insights for future wrestling research and the development of safety interventions, such as protective headgear or specialized training exercises, to reduce risks of brain trauma for wrestlers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".