Thyroblastoma in Pregnancy: Expanding the Cytomorphological Spectrum of a Novel <scp><i>DICER1</i></scp>‐Associated Entity, a Case Report and Literature Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Thyroblastoma is a rare, aggressive thyroid neoplasm newly classified in the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumors. It is characterized by embryonal, multilineage morphology and DICER1 mutations. Fewer than 15 well-characterized cases have been reported, with limited cytological descriptions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old pregnant woman presented with a rapidly enlarging right thyroid mass. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) revealed a highly cellular, triphasic aspirate composed of primitive epithelium arranged in macrofollicular structures, spindled mesenchymal cells within a myxoid matrix, and small round blastemal cells. Immunocytochemistry showed TTF-1 and PAX8 positivity in epithelial cells, synaptophysin and SALL4 in blastemal cells, and myogenin in both spindled and blastemal components, supporting a cytological diagnosis of thyroblastoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection during the second trimester. Histology confirmed thyroblastoma with extensive lymph node metastases. Chemotherapy was initiated during pregnancy but discontinued due to neutropenic complications. She delivered a healthy infant and remained disease-free at her 12-month follow-up. MOLECULAR FINDINGS: Next-generation sequencing of tumor DNA revealed two somatic DICER1 mutations: a known hotspot missense mutation, c.5437G>C; p.E1813Q, and a novel splice-site variant, c.734+1G>T, predicted to disrupt normal splicing and protein function. No pathogenic variants were found in germline DNA, supporting a somatic origin. CONCLUSION: This case expands the cytological and molecular spectrum of thyroblastoma and highlights the value of FNAB in early recognition. Awareness of this rare entity and its diagnostic features is essential to avoid misclassification and ensure timely management. The novel DICER1 splice-site mutation further contributes to the evolving molecular landscape of thyroblastoma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".