First GPS record of a Red-legged Cormorant off the coast of Peru suggests pelagic foraging behavior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Red-legged Cormorants (Poikilocarbo gaimardi) are distributed along the Pacific coast of South America, from Peru to Chile, and restricted to southernmost Argentina along the Atlantic coast. Population monitoring of this species in the Pacific is scarce and research on their ecology has been limited to Argentina, where it has been considered a rocky bottom feeder, travelling distances of ~3 km away from the nest. We deployed and retrieved a GPS device on one adult Red-legged Cormorant at Punta Atico, Arequipa, Peru, in June 2018. Foraging trips of the tracked individual were on average ~6 km away from the nest and reached a maximum of 10 km. More than 50% of trips occurred in pelagic habitats and were widely dispersed around the nest. Based on the observation of this individual we suggest that in the productive Peruvian Humboldt Current System, Red-legged Cormorants may be pelagic foragers rather than benthic specialists. These results have important implications for conservation strategies aimed to protect this seabird species along the Peruvian coast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".