Development and Validation of a Measure of Parents’ Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration When Involved in Their Child’s Schooling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric qualities of the adaptation of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) to the context of parents’ school involvement (PSI). The BPNSFS-PSI assesses the satisfaction and frustration of parents’ needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness when involved in their child’s schooling. Two samples of parents whose child attended primary school in Grades 1 to 6 (Sample 1; N = 1,017, 63% mothers) or in Grades 1 and 2 (Sample 2; N = 1,448; 74% mothers), filled out an online questionnaire. The BPNSFS-PSI showed adequate internal consistency, structural validity via a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling measurement model, and construct validity via correlations with parents’ vitality and satisfaction with their family life. Measurement invariance was supported across samples, parent gender, and child school cycle. Together, these findings demonstrate the reliability and validity of the BPNSFS-PSI in both mothers and fathers, supporting its use for measuring parents’ needs in the context of their school involvement. The development and validation of this scale will encourage further research by providing a reliable tool to assess parents’ satisfaction and frustration with their basic psychological needs in school involvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".