System-wide incentives to trace food processing: A cooperative-game analysis
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper uses cooperative game theory to analyze the incentives for firms to adopt product tracing in a three-tier food processing system with multiple farmers, one manufacturer, and one retailer. Firms that adopt the tracing system can either form a single coalition or create multiple coalitions, while non-adopters make decisions independently. Our analysis identifies equilibrium outcomes for all possible coalition structures, showing that collaboration between the manufacturer and retailer boosts system-wide efficiency, and fewer coalitions lead to greater overall benefits. We develop a coalition game in characteristic value form and prove that the game’s core is always non-empty. The Center of Gravity of the Imputation Set-based value (CIS-value) is a core element of our game and it matches the nucleolus when the system includes at least three farmers. However, the CIS-value does not always ensure non-negative allocations for all coalition members. To resolve this, we introduce the Evenly-Split Value (ES-value), which stays within the core and guarantees positive allocations for every member of the tracing coalition.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it