The Role of Physical Activity in Managing ADHD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents – Review of Current Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders seen in pediatric and adolescent psychiatry. The major symptoms are impulsivity, difficulties in sustaining attention and increased levels of motor activity. Emerging studies show that participating in physical activity may help improve ADHD symptoms. Aim of the study: This review explores the influence of physical activity on ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. We also try to highlight the potential therapeutic role of physical activity as a complementary intervention in ADHD management. Materials and methods: An extensive search of the literature was performed in the PubMed database up to the year 2025. Conclusions: This review’s findings show that physical activity interventions benefit ADHD symptoms and executive functions in children and adolescents. Results of the studies showed that physical activity, especially organized closed-skill activities like running and aerobic training, enhanced the core ADHD symptoms (impulsivity, attention dysregulation, hyperactivity) the most, while open-skill activities that require real-time adaptation to environmental changes, had some effect on inhibitory control. What is more children and adolescents should participate in physical activities that they like in order to guarantee compliance and the durability of the intervention. Exercise should be included in the treatment plan for ADHD to offer holistic benefits, that not only addresses symptoms, but also enhances cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of a child’s life. Future work should include longitudinal research to explore the effects of physical activity on ADHD symptoms and the development of individualized exercise interventions tailored to individual symptoms profiles. Keywords: „Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”, „ADHD”, „Physical Activity”, „Exercises”, „Children”, „Adolescents”.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".