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Record W4412403786 · doi:10.1109/tap.2025.3586760

Transmitting Array for an Electronically Switched Microwave Breast Imager

2025· article· en· W4412403786 on OpenAlexafffund
Nooshin Valizade Shahmirzadi, Aaron D. Pitcher, Natalia K. Nikolova, Chih‐Hung Chen

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicWireless Body Area Networks
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsMicrowaveReflective array antennaMicrowave imagingTelecommunicationsDirectional antennaComputer scienceOpticsElectrical engineeringPhysicsAntenna (radio)Slot antennaEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A transmitting (Tx) array comprising 16×16 shielded slot-antenna elements realized on printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed. The array is designed for an electronically switched microwave compressed-breast imager operating in the frequency range from 3 GHz to 8 GHz. The element area is only 12×12 mm2 with the mutual coupling being below −20 dB and the element return loss being better than 10 dB. The seamless interconnect between the high-density array and the radio-frequency (RF) feed network becomes possible due to the innovative use of low-cost high-speed vertical board-to-board connectors (common in computer technology) instead of coaxial connectors. The array can be easily reconfigured to operate in switched or simultaneous transmission regimes by pairing it with the respective RF feed-network PCBs inserted in the vertical connectors. Here, we present two such networks: (i) for simultaneous transmission from all array elements (power-splitting feed network) and (ii) for transmission from one antenna at a time (RF-switched feed network). The performance of the array and the RF feed networks is verified through simulations and measurements. The benefits of a tissue-matched buffer layer between the array and the compressed breast are demonstrated to render the antenna impedance match insensitive to the dielectric properties of the breast tissue and to enhance the uniformity of the incident-field magnitude distribution. We also investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in the breast tissue under conditions of simultaneous or single-element illumination, and provide means to compute the input power levels that ensure compliance with safety regulations.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.940
Threshold uncertainty score0.663

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.225
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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