Transmitting Array for an Electronically Switched Microwave Breast Imager
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A transmitting (Tx) array comprising 16×16 shielded slot-antenna elements realized on printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed. The array is designed for an electronically switched microwave compressed-breast imager operating in the frequency range from 3 GHz to 8 GHz. The element area is only 12×12 mm2 with the mutual coupling being below −20 dB and the element return loss being better than 10 dB. The seamless interconnect between the high-density array and the radio-frequency (RF) feed network becomes possible due to the innovative use of low-cost high-speed vertical board-to-board connectors (common in computer technology) instead of coaxial connectors. The array can be easily reconfigured to operate in switched or simultaneous transmission regimes by pairing it with the respective RF feed-network PCBs inserted in the vertical connectors. Here, we present two such networks: (i) for simultaneous transmission from all array elements (power-splitting feed network) and (ii) for transmission from one antenna at a time (RF-switched feed network). The performance of the array and the RF feed networks is verified through simulations and measurements. The benefits of a tissue-matched buffer layer between the array and the compressed breast are demonstrated to render the antenna impedance match insensitive to the dielectric properties of the breast tissue and to enhance the uniformity of the incident-field magnitude distribution. We also investigate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in the breast tissue under conditions of simultaneous or single-element illumination, and provide means to compute the input power levels that ensure compliance with safety regulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".