Control of SrF2 crystal size in transparent germanate oxyfluoride glass-ceramics through Eu2O3 doping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of transparent glass-ceramics is a challenging endeavor in the field of mid-infrared photonics in order to fabricate robust and optically efficient materials. In this study, the glass-forming region of the novel xGeO 2 – (100-x) (BaF 2 , SrF 2 , ½ In 2 O 3 ) system is investigated, while SrF 2 -forming glass-ceramic compositions are identified. DSC measurements upon Eu 2 O 3 doping show a decrease in the onset temperature of SrF 2 crystallization. In the meantime, both XRD and TEM acquisitions confirm a decrease in crystal size as the dopant content increases. Part of the Eu 3+ ions enter the SrF 2 crystallites, as demonstrated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies. Hence, we demonstrate that europium oxide doping enables a precise control of SrF 2 nanocrystal size in the GeO 2 -BaF 2 -SrF 2 -In 2 O 3 system. Our findings open doors towards the nanostructure tailoring of SrF 2 -containing germanate glass-ceramics using rare-earth dopants for luminescence and laser applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".