Control of SrF2 crystal size in transparent germanate oxyfluoride glass-ceramics through Eu2O3 doping
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of transparent glass-ceramics is a challenging endeavor in the field of mid-infrared photonics in order to fabricate robust and optically efficient materials. In this study, the glass-forming region of the novel xGeO 2 – (100-x) (BaF 2 , SrF 2 , ½ In 2 O 3 ) system is investigated, while SrF 2 -forming glass-ceramic compositions are identified. DSC measurements upon Eu 2 O 3 doping show a decrease in the onset temperature of SrF 2 crystallization. In the meantime, both XRD and TEM acquisitions confirm a decrease in crystal size as the dopant content increases. Part of the Eu 3+ ions enter the SrF 2 crystallites, as demonstrated by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies. Hence, we demonstrate that europium oxide doping enables a precise control of SrF 2 nanocrystal size in the GeO 2 -BaF 2 -SrF 2 -In 2 O 3 system. Our findings open doors towards the nanostructure tailoring of SrF 2 -containing germanate glass-ceramics using rare-earth dopants for luminescence and laser applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".