The effects of Picria fel-terrae Lour. on ameliorating hepatic metaflammation while modulating mucosal immunity in fish
Classification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Picria fel-terrae Lour. (PFL) on soybean meal-induced enteritis in zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and evaluated whether its increased resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. Compared to plain soybean meal, the addition of 0.05 %, 0.1 %, or 0.2 % PFL to zebrafish larval diet reduced intestinal neutrophil (0.1 % and 0.2 % PFL), macrophage (0.05 % and 0.1 % PFL), and T cell aggregation (0.01 %, 0.05 % and 0.1 % PFL). Following a six-week feeding trial with 0.1 % PFL, the hindgut of 3-month-old zebrafish showed a higher length/width ratio of intestinal ridges and the regulation of macrophages and CD4 + cells compared to fish fed soybean meal. Immune cell infiltration analysis also demonstrated immune modulatory effects of PFL, such as decreased activated memory CD4 T cells and increased M2 macrophages, and we observed a reduction in nuclear density in the liver, accompanied by an increase in PAS-stained glycogen and p-STAT3 signals. Enrichment analyses revealed that PFL may mitigate intestinal inflammation by upregulating genes involved in DNA replication and downregulating inflammatory processes, such as leukocyte chemotaxis, lysosomes, and phagosomes. The enriched hepatic terms and pathways indicated that PFL facilitated the metabolism of fatty acids and monocarboxylic acids while inhibiting the alteration of tight junctions and the generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidases. Hexanorcucurbitacin F and its target genes were revealed by network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking, and its target proteins Src and Ptk2ab were related to macrophage function. PFL increased Bifidobacterium longum and species of Faecalitalea , which may contribute to gut homeostasis. During the Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, PFL resulted in a higher survival rate and reduced swelling of the intrabronchial lymphoid tissue compared to soybean meal. PFL water extract also inhibited the growth of A . hydrophila in vitro. In conclusion, PFL dietary inclusion restored intestinal immune homeostasis by modulating the function and aggregation of immune cells, stimulating cell regeneration, rebalancing gut flora, and controlling hepatic metaflammation. These findings demonstrate that PFL enhances immune responses across the gut–liver axis and improves mucosal antibacterial defenses in fish, and is a potential functional feed additive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it