Stable planar solid reservoir reference electrode
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present here a new reference electrode, the solid reservoir reference electrode (SRRE) designed as a solid-state analogue of the liquid-filled Ag/AgCl reference electrode, removing the requirement for wet storage with extended shelf life. Compatibility with planar manufacturing methods enables miniaturization to the millimeter scale. The SRRE features a layer of Ag/AgCl, a pure solid powder KCl layer without binder, and a porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. This configuration achieves stable open circuit potential, and long-term drift characteristics on par with conventional liquid filled electrodes, owing to the high specific capacity of the chloride reservoir. The SRRE maintains stable potential in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents such as acetonitrile and integrates effectively with graphene ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs), enabling simultaneous pH and Na + ion concentration measurements in a single chip. The porous PDMS membrane gives sufficient permeance for effective ion transport and low electrochemical impedance. The SRRE is thus suitable for bioelectrode applications, with reduced noise and improved signal quality for electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".