Associations between helminth infection status and the composition and concentration of fecal bile acids in school-age children in Uganda
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over 1 billion people globally are infected with helminths, and understanding the impact of these infections on human health is crucial for further developing effective interventions. We investigated potential associations between helminth infection status and the abundance of fecal bile acids: a group of metabolites known to impact gut physiology and function and have immunomodulatory capabilities. Fecal samples were collected from school-age children in Uganda and used to determine helminth infection status (Kato-Katz technique) and to quantify the fecal bile acid pool (UPLC-MRM/MS). We found that helminth infection status was associated with changes to the fecal bile acid pool and that these differences were dependent on the biological sex of study participants. Females who were coinfected with schistosomes and hookworms had higher levels of unconjugated secondary bile acids than helminth-negative individuals. In males, no significant associations were detected between helminth infection status and levels of unconjugated secondary bile acids, however, there were reduced levels of some species of conjugated primary bile acids in schistosome-infected individuals compared to helminth-negative individuals. Further research into the specific mechanisms underlying these associations and the functional consequences of bile acid perturbations during helminth infection may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of helminth infections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".