Spatial regulation of CD14-like epitope in hematopoietic and ocular tissues of cultured North Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) during bacterial infection and temperature variations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of new tools for a better understanding of innate immune mediated responses to tissue damage in emerging model organisms could offer novel approaches to inform toxicology, disease mitigation and/or drug discovery. Innate immunity is one of the first lines of defence in response to tissue damage, with macrophages being key players in these processes. The expression of macrophage protein markers in North Atlantic marine teleost fish has not been extensively studied. Here we used an anti-mammalian-CD14 antibody to explore CD14 epitope expression in hematopoietic and ocular tissues of lumpfish and spotted wolffish. Western blotting indicated that proteins reactive with an anti-mammalian-CD14 antibody with similar molecular weights to mammalian CD14 isoforms exist in both lumpfish and spotted wolffish. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis using this anti-mammalian-CD14 indicated CD14-like reactive epitope expression in head kidney and ocular choroid rete mirabile in both normal healthy lumpfish and in a Vibrio anguillarum marine bacterial pathogenesis paradigm. As infection proceeded in lumpfish, CD14-like expression increased in head kidney and ocular choroid rete mirabile vasculature as revealed by IHC. In addition, we also used a temperature challenge paradigm in spotted wolffish to assess CD14-like reactivity in ocular choroid rete mirabile. A six-week hypothermal condition led to higher levels of CD14-like expression in the wolffish choroid rete mirabile than control temperature or a six-week hyperthermal condition as revealed by IHC. The tissue spatial regulation of CD14 epitope in lumpfish and spotted wolffish we observed herein might serve as a tool in emerging novel model organism-based technologies toward a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in responses to tissue damage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".