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Record W4412472273 · doi:10.15290/oes.2025.02.120.16

Obraz polskiej wymiany towarowej z zagranicą w połowie 2024

2025· article· en· W4412472273 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueOptimum Economic Studies · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicPolish socio-economic development
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBalance of tradeCommodityQuarter (Canadian coin)OriginalityValue (mathematics)HoardStatistical analysisEconomicsBalance (ability)International tradeInternational economicsEconomyGeographyStatisticsHistoryMathematicsMarket economySociologySocial sciencePsychologyAncient history

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Purpose | The aim of this article is to present the picture of the Polish commodity exchange in mid-2024. The main justification for setting such a goal is the noticeable deterioration of the situation in this respect for the past six quarters. After a period of significant trade surpluses in goods turnover, which significantly contributed to the positive impact of net exports on the development of the Polish economy, these trends clearly weakened down and then began to reverse. Hence, current diagnosis seems to be necessary even in the middle of the year. Research method | The article uses a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, historical analysis and comparative analysis. The material for the analyses is mainly information on trade in goods, which the Central Statistical Office provides on the website of the Central Statistical Office, as well as the basic publication of the Central Statistical Office on foreign trade, namely, the monthly information “Foreign trade in goods in total and by countries in the period”. Results | The second quarter of 2024 turned out to be another year in which the balance of trade in goods deteriorated. According to foreign trade statistics, the deterioration was mainly due to changes in volumes, and the terms of trade indicator also turned out to be unfavorable. By far, the greatest impact on the deterioration of the trade balance in goods had a significant reduction in the surplus in the commodity group including means of transport. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The main advantages of this article lie in the topicality of the issues discussed and the relative complexity of the outlined picture of commodity exchange in mid-2024. Finally, an important issue is showing the relationship between what is happening in the structure of Polish exports and the situation of the European Union countries.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.737
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.008

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.277
Teacher spread0.237 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it