Pentavalent Ta-Substitution Enhances Ionic Conductivity and Critical Current Density in NASICON for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NASICONs are promising electrolyte candidates for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries. In this study, we report a Ta-substituted NASICON electrolyte, Na3.32Zr1.92Ta0.08Si2.4P0.6O12 (8Ta-NZSP2.4), which exhibits a high room temperature Na+ conductivity of 4.26 mS·cm-1. Na|8Ta-NZSP2.4|Na cell shows over 250 stable cycles at a 0.1 mA·cm-1 current density while maintaining low overpotentials (<20 mV) and no soft shorting, outperforming the symmetric cell containing unsubstituted NZSP2.4, which soft-shorted at cycle 40. Upon Ta-substitution, the critical current density of NZSP2.4 increased from 0.3 to 0.7 mA·cm-1. A Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃|8Ta-NZSP2.4|Na full cell retained 89.5% of the specific capacity when operating at 0.3C for 100 cycles at room temperature with no additional stack pressure applied. Our complementary DFT calculation shows an increased Na+ vacancy and the presence of a correlated migration pathway in Ta-substituted NZSP2.4, which ultimately enabled a reduced energy barrier for Na+ transport. The combined experimental and theoretical study underpinned the design principle of pentavalent substituted NASICONs for promoting Na+ conductivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".