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Record W4412480446 · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100211

Human trafficking across the Americas: Survivors, services, and the law

2025· article· en· W4412480446 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Tom D. Kennedy, Brittany Plombon, Caroline Haskamp, Briana Howard, Cammi Shoultz, Danielle H. Millen, David Detullio, Jennifer Davidtz

Bibliographic record

VenueChild Protection and Practice · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSex work and related issues
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHuman traffickingCriminologyPolitical scienceBusinessPsychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Human trafficking has garnered increasing attention and global awareness as a significant violation of fundamental human rights. This modern-day slavery is actively occurring both internationally and in our local communities. The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report outlines the extent and typical services allocated for survivors of human trafficking by country. Additionally, the report details the funding allocated toward prevention and services, as well as the annual efforts of each country’s government to meet the minimum standards outlined by the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA, 2000). This study aimed to examine the chronological growth and decline of specific government efforts to combat human trafficking in countries across North, South, and Central America. Specifically, descriptive differences in trends and services were explored country by country, comparing the narratives provided in 2014 to those offered in the 2018 TIP report. The overall trends indicate that almost two-thirds of the governments of countries in the Americas have remained relatively unchanged in their efforts to comply with the minimum standards of the TVPA (TIP, 2014; TIP, 2018). Only three countries have consistently remained in the top tier (i.e., Canada, the United States of America, and Chile).

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.865
Threshold uncertainty score0.996

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0050.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.343
Teacher spread0.326 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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