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Test of lepton flavor universality with measurements of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> using semileptonic <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:math> tagging at the Belle II experiment
K. Adamczyk, L. Aggarwal, H. Ahmed, H. Aihara, Н. Акопов, S. A. Al‐Ghamdi, M. Alhakami, A. Aloisio, N. Althubiti, K. R. Amos, M. Angelsmark, N. Anh Ky, C. Antonioli, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, N. K. Baghel, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, S. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, M. Bartl, J. Baudot, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, Jürgen Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, F. Bianchi, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. E. Bolz, A. Bondar, J. Borah, A. Boschetti, A. Bożek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, R. A. Briere, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, Q. Campagna, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, J. Cerasoli, M.-C. Chang, P. Chang, R. Cheaib, P. Cheema, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, J. Chin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, J. Cochran, I. Consigny, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, E. De La Cruz–Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. De Nardo, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, R. Dhamija, F. Di Capua, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, M. Dorigo, D. Dossett, S. Dubey, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, D. Epifanov, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, A. Gale, E. Ganiev, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, V. Gautam, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, P. Gironella Gironell, A. Glazov, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, W. Gradl, S. Granderath, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, Y. Guan, K. Gudkova, I. Haide, Y. Han, K. Hara, T. Hara, C. Harris, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, I. Heredia-De La Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, T. Higuchi, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, R. HOPPE, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, Audrey Huang, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, G. Inguglia, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, P. Jackson, D. Jacobi, W. W. Jacobs, D. E. Jaffe, E.-J. Jang, Q. P. Ji, S. Jia, Y. Jin, A. Johnson, K. K. Joo, H. Junkerkalefeld, A. B. Kaliyar, J. Kandra, K. H. Kang, S. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Ketter, M. Khan, C. Kiesling, C. H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, R. Kowalewski, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, T. Kuhr, Y. Kulii, D. Kumar, J. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, Y.-T. Lai, K. Lalwani, T. Lam, J. S. Lange, T. S. Lau, M. Laurenza, R. Leboucher, F. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, P. Leo, P. Lewis, C. Li, H. J. Li, L. K. Li, Q. M. Li, W. Z. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, J. Lin, S. Lin, M. H. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Zhiqing Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Yue Ma, C. Madaan, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, A. C. Manthei, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Mariñas, C. Martellini, A. Martens, A. Martini, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, M. Maushart, J. A. McKenna, R. Mehta, F. Meier, D. Meleshko, M. Merola, F. Metzner, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, A. L. Moreira De Carvalho, H.-G. Moser, I. Nakamura, K. R. Nakamura, M. Nakao, Y. Nakazawa, M. Naruki, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, M. Nayak, G. Nazaryan, M. Neu, S. Nishida, A. Novosel, S. Ogawa, R. Okubo, H. Ono, Y. Onuki, F. Otani, G. Pakhlova, E. Paoloni, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, J. Park, K. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, T. K. Pedlar, I. M. Peruzzi, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, A. Prakash, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, S. Privalov, I. Prudiiev, H. Purwar, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, V P Jagathy Raj, N. Rauls, K. Ravindran, J. U. Rehman, M. Reif, S. Reiter, M. Remnev, L. Reuter, D. Ricalde Herrmann, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, S. H. Robertson, M. Röhrken, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, L. Salutari, D. A. Sanders, S. Sandilya, L. Šantelj, C. Santos, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, C. Schmitt, J. Schmitz, S. Schneider, C. Schwanda, A. J. Schwartz, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, C. Sharma, G. Sharma, X. Shi, T. Shillington, T. Shimasaki, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, R. Sobie, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, R. Stroili, J. Strube, Y. Sue, M. Sumihama, K. Sumisawa, W. Sutcliffe, N. Suwonjandee, H. Svidras, M. Takahashi, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, E. Torassa, K. Trabelsi, I. Tsaklidis, M. Uchida, I. Ueda, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, Y. Ushiroda, S. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, A. Vossen, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, M.-Z. Wang, X. L. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, M. Watanabe, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, E. Won, X. P. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yamada, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, J. Yelton, J. H. Yin, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, L. Zani, F. Zeng, M. Zeyrek, Boyang Zhang, J. S. Zhou, Q. Zhou, L. Zhu, V. Zhukova, R. Žlebčík
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical review. D/Physical review. D. · 2025
Typearticle
Languagelv
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNextGenerationEUHORIZON EUROPE European Research CouncilCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAkademi Sains MalaysiaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronAustralian Research CouncilSeventh Framework ProgrammeKorea Research Environment Open NetworkIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareNational Institute of InformaticsMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationHORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie ActionsNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsNatural Science Foundation of Shandong ProvinceHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationMinistry of Science and Technology, IsraelMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMinistry of Education and Science of UkraineUniverzita Karlova v PrazeNarodowe Centrum NaukiMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiNational Research FoundationJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaIsrael Science FoundationKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyMinistry of Higher Education, MalaysiaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaAgence Nationale de la RechercheKing Saud UniversityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungAustrian Science FundGrantová Agentura České RepublikyTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma KurumuBundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und ForschungDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungKorea Institute of Science and Technology InformationDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of IndiaBrookhaven National LaboratoryEuropean Research CouncilCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMax-Planck-GesellschaftNational Research Foundation of UkraineUniversiti MalayaMinistry of EducationInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesUniversity of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDepartment of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, IndiaState Committee of ScienceGeneralitat ValencianaInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareUnited States-Israel Binational Science FoundationHelmholtz-GemeinschaftThailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónSecretaría de Educación PúblicaVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyCompute CanadaUniversity of TabukMinistry of Education and ScienceCanarieGrantová Agentura, Univerzita KarlovaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PadovaIkerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceNational Science and Technology CouncilNational Science FoundationUniversity of VictoriaEuropean CommissionU.S. Department of Energy
KeywordsUniversality (dynamical systems)Artificial intelligenceMathematicsComputer sciencePhysics
Abstract
We report measurements of the ratios of branching fractions R(D(*)+)=B(B¯0→D(*)+τ−ν¯τ)/B(B¯0→D(*)+ℓ−ν¯ℓ) , where ℓ denotes either an electron or a muon. These ratios test the universality of the charged-current weak interaction. The results are based on a 365 fb−1 data sample collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB e+e− collider, which operates at a center-of-mass energy corresponding to the ϒ(4S) resonance, just above the threshold for BB¯ production. Signal candidates are reconstructed by selecting events in which the companion B meson from the ϒ(4S)→BB¯ decay is identified in semileptonic modes. The τ lepton is reconstructed via its leptonic decays. We obtain R(D+)=0.418−0.073+0.075(stat)−0.056+0.049(syst) and R(D*+)=0.306−0.033+0.035(stat)−0.018+0.016(syst) , which are consistent with world average values. Accounting for the correlation between them, these values differ from the Standard Model expectation by a collective significance of 1.7 standard deviations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.007
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.039
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.291
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes