Human Metapneumovirus Epidemiology Among Middle-aged and Older Adults Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) significantly impacts young children, older adults, and those with preexisting conditions. This study examines frailty and clinical outcomes in middle-aged and older adults hospitalized due to hMPV infections. METHODS: Data from the Canadian Immunization Research Network's Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network were analyzed. Included were adults aged ≥50 with lab-confirmed hMPV infection. Severe infection was marked by pneumonia, oxygen need, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death within 30 days. The Frailty Index (FI) categorized individuals as nonfrail (FI < 0.08), prefrail (FI ≥ 0.08, FI < 0.21), and frail (FI ≥ 0.21). Multivariate ridge regression identified factors linked to disease severity. RESULTS: Among 212 patients (median age 76), 85.4% had severe disease and 61.3% were frail. Frail patients had higher rates of severe disease (80.8% vs. 63.4%), oxygen therapy need (80.8% vs. 63.4%), and longer hospital stays (median 8 vs. 4 days) than patients who were nonfrail. Any cardiac illness (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-3.09), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.12-3.09), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14-3.35), and frailty (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.18-3.38) were significantly associated with increased odds of severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty, assessable with standardized tools, is associated with severe hMPV infections in middle-aged and older adults. Recognizing frailty in clinical management and as a vaccination criterion is necessary as hMPV vaccines become available. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01517191 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".