Impact of short maternal height on preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of short maternal height on preterm birth by different body mass index (BMI) classes and type of preterm birth. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated women with singleton pregnancies delivering from January 2012 to December 2019 in the Eastern Zone of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Maternal height was divided into three groups: <25% (short), 25%-75% (average), and >75% (tall). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine whether short height independently predicted preterm birth before 37 weeks, stratified by BMI class. Subgroup analyses were performed for spontaneous and indicated preterm birth. RESULTS: Of 16 023 pregnancies assessed, 1245 (7.8%) were associated with preterm birth. Among all BMI categories combined, short height independently predicted preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.37 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-1.61], P < 0.001). In stratified analyses, short height independently predicted preterm birth among individuals with normal BMI (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.16-2.00], P = 0.002), overweight BMI (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.03-2.08], P = 0.010), and obese BMI (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.002-1.72], P = 0.048). In subgroup analyses, short height independently predicted spontaneous preterm birth among those with a normal BMI (OR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.15-2.17], P = 0.005) but not those in higher BMI categories. Short height independently predicted indicated preterm birth among those overweight or obese (OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.18-2.16], P = 0.002) but not in those with a normal BMI. CONCLUSION: The association between short maternal height and preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation varies by type of preterm birth (spontaneous or indicated) and BMI class. Among women with a normal BMI, short maternal height is associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Among women who are overweight or obese, short maternal height is associated with an increased risk of indicated preterm birth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".