Sustainability analysis of hybrid renewable-based power generation with battery energy storage system for remote islands: Application to Koh Hang, Thailand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the development of a hybrid renewable energy system, with a battery energy storage system, for a small island, Koh Hang, off the coast of Krabi province, in the Andaman Sea of Thailand. Currently un-powered, the island has a good solar energy potential, but limited wind energy potential. Using HOMER Pro optimization model, seven hybrid renewable energy systems consisting of solar PV, wind, biogas, and a battery energy storage system (BESS) are studied to identify the optimal configuration to meet the load demand with the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Among the hybrid configurations studied, the optimal solar PV – biogas - BESS system offered the lowest LCOE of 0.215 US$/kWh. A public opinion survey was also carried out in the community to measure the level of acceptance of such system on the island, with the willingness to pay for a proposed tariff being the key issue for the long-term sustainability of the proposed system. This work, which can be replicated in similar off-grid microgrids, contribute in improving the quality of life and the economy of off-grid settlements, while minimizing the impacts on the environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".