Diterpenoids from Isodon Serra with Inhibitory Activity Against Xanthomonas Oryzae Pathovar Oryzae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight is a disease caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), continues to threaten global rice production and food security by significantly reducing yields. The frequent application of synthetic bactericides has raised growing concerns over environmental persistence and potential health hazards. In search of safer, plant-derived alternatives, this study investigated the antibacterial potential of four diterpenoids isolated from Isodon serra (I. serra), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. The compounds, gerardianin C (1), (+)-15-hydroxysalvinolone (2), 11,12,15-trihydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one (3), and graciliflorin F (4), purified and structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) after purification. Antibacterial assays revealed that all four compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against Xoo, with IC50values of 17.2, 22.4, 31.2, and 12.5 μM, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC75) and minimum bactericidal concentration MBC assays confirmed graciliflorin F as the most potent compound, substantiating these findings. These results highlight the potential of I. serra-derived diterpenoids as promising candidates for the development of environmentally friendly bactericides targeting phytopathogens such as Xoo. This study not only expands the known bioactivity profile of Isodon species but also contributes to the broader effort to integrate traditional medicinal plants into sustainable agricultural practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".