Oxysulfide Solid Electrolyte with Better Safety and Cost Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries are viable alternatives to conventional batteries employing organic electrolytes because of their benefits, i.e., high power density, high energy density, long-life operation and safety. These advantages stem from the great features of inorganic solid electrolytes, which are single ion conductor, so a high lithium-ion transport number, and no-liquid nature. Solid oxide or sulfide are largely studied to allow the emergence of all-solid-state batterie based on solid electrolyte ceramic. In particular, the sulfide-based solid electrolytes possess favorable mechanical properties and low temperature synthesis compared to oxide, high ionic conductivity comparable to liquid electrolytes but suffer of moisture exposure that could induce H2S generation and very expensive precursor. Sulfide-based solid-electrolytes can potentially be employed in conjunction with a lithium metal negative electrode and 5V-class high voltage positive electrode material. Different families of sulfide electrolyte as glass ceramic, thio-LISICON, LGPS, argyrodites are synthesized by similar precursor as Li2S-P2S5 and other components in function of composition. Among these families, argyrodites are promising due to their high ionic conductivity and no rare element. However, there are still several issues to overcome with argyrodite: reactivity with lithium metal and positive electrolyte material (active material, electronic conductor, binder, current collector...), moisture stability and use of expensive and unsafe Li2S. O-doped argyrodites are known strategy to enhance stability against cathode material, lithium metal and moisture stability. In this field and since a few years, Hydro-Quebec has decided to conduct specific research on all-solid ceramic batteries and especially in the field of sulfide-based ceramic electrolytes. We develop the synthesis of argyrodite type oxysulfide with one-step ball milling process. We use a low-cost oxygen precursor (Li2SO4) to partially substitute Li2S. A specific study has been carried out to (1) optimize the composition of sulfide solid electrolyte to lower the cost and maintain or increase the properties as ionic conductivity, electrochemical and moisture stability, (2) better understand the reactivity at various dewpoints, (3) evaluated the stability in dry room. The complementarity between synthesis process, compositions, NMR analyses, XRD analyses, Raman’s analysis, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and safety measurements will be presented on sulfides prepared at Hydro-Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".