(<i>Invited</i>) Rational Design of Efficient Electrocatalysts for Low-Cost, Sustainable Hydrogen Production and Fuel Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cells offer several advantages, including high efficiency, high energy density, and zero emissions, making them a key technology for a sustainable future. However, the widespread commercial adoption of fuel cells still faces significant challenges, primarily due to their high cost, which is largely attributed to the use of expensive platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts. In this talk, I will first briefly present our work on developing low-Pt catalysts, including various unique nanostructured Pt nanowires, nanotubes, and single atoms, to significantly enhance the activity and stability of Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. I will then focus on our efforts to develop inexpensive and highly active PGM-free catalysts (e.g., Fe/N/C) and hybrid catalysts, aimed at replacing rare and costly Pt-based catalysts in fuel cells. Finally, I will introduce our recent research on green hydrogen production, focusing on Pt single atom and non-precious metal catalysts for water splitting in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. References Liu, Z. Pu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Angewandte Chemie, 202414021 (2025). Liu, Z. Pu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, SusMat, e246 (2024). Zhang, S. Sun, Nature Sustainability, 6, 729 (2023). P. Dodelet, G. Zhang, S. Sun et al, Energy Environmental Science, 14, 1034 (2021). Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Advanced Energy Materials, 10, 2000075 (2020). Zhang, S. Sun, J.P. Dodelet, et al, Energy Environmental Science, 12, 3015 (2019). Chenitz, G. Zhang, J.P.Dodelet, e. al, Energy Environmental Science, 11, 365 (2018). Zhang, S. Sun, J.P. Dodelet, et al, Nano Energy, 29, 111,125 (2016). Yang, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces., 12, 13739 (2020). Yang, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental., 264, 118523 (2020). Liu, Z. Pu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 521, 216145 (2024). Pu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, US Patent App. 18/312,672 (2023). Wang, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Small, 18, 2105803 (2022). Wang, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al, Nano-Micro Letters, 14, 1, 120 (2022). Figure 1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.039 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".