Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines unconventional icons and icon-like works that paradoxically combine iconography with visual references to the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine. Ukraine’s wartime iconography reveals the conflicting socio-ethical frameworks of the Ecumenical and Moscow Patriarchates. The primary social teachings of these contrasting frameworks are briefly examined and contextualized within contemporary Orthodox social ethics in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to ethical divergences related to war, peace, and violence. Official social teachings, while never fully reflecting or informing a “lived religion,” nonetheless shape people’s attitudes and behaviours, including artistic expression. Icons are a normative part of Orthodox and Greek Catholic culture in Ukraine. An overview of Orthodoxy’s general theology of the icon, which is shared by Greek Catholics, precedes an analysis of socio-ethical messages that can be decoded from icons across time and space. Contemporary war-related Ukrainian icons and works incorporating recognizable iconographic motifs from the two socio-ethical frameworks are analyzed as expressive of a specific Orthodox social ethos and broader religious culture in Ukraine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".