A conserved small RNA-generating gene cluster undergoes sequence diversification and contributes to plant immunity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Small RNA-mediated gene silencing contributes to plant immunity. The secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway promotes defense by silencing target genes in invading fungal and oomycete pathogens. Many secondary siRNAs derive from transcripts potentially encoding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. Here, we report that siRNA production is an ancient function of an evolutionarily conserved clade of PPR genes that undergo extensive within-species diversification. In Arabidopsis thaliana , siRNA-source PPR s are physically clustered in one locus on Chromosome 1. These sequences are diversified through gene duplication followed by sequence diversification as well as accumulation of high-impact variations including pseudogenization. This diversity leads to the accumulation of a diverse PPR -siRNA pool, consistent with an engagement in a co-evolutionary arms race with the pathogens. This study defines siRNA-producing PPRs as a family of defense genes and highlights the potential of PPR -siRNA-based engineering for enhancing broad-spectrum disease resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".