Cam deformity of the hip and personal identification of unidentified remains: two case reports of forensic anthropological interest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cam-type deformity of the hip is a morphological change at the femoral head–neck junction, caused by abnormal contact with the acetabulum during hip flexion. It can result from both pathological conditions and repetitive physical stress. Case presentation study examines skeletal remains of two individuals, Subjects A and B, both showing signs of cam-type deformity. Subject A exhibited osteogenesis imperfecta of the sternum, degenerative arthritis in the thoracic vertebrae and patellae, and partial fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies with hyperostosis. These findings suggest diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), which likely caused altered gait mechanics and uneven weight distribution, contributing to the deformity. Subject B showed bilateral Achilles enthesopathy and early patellar hyperostosis, indicating a history of intense physical activity. The cam-type deformity in this case was attributed to overuse syndrome. Cam-type deformities can arise from distinct causes, including systemic pathology and mechanical overuse. Recognizing such skeletal changes can offer valuable insights into an individual’s health and activity history, supporting efforts in forensic identification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".