MicroRNA319-targeted RaTCP1 regulates heterophylly in North American Lake Cress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heterophylly, the plasticity of leaf form in response to environmental conditions, widely occurs in aquatic and amphibious plants. Rorippa aquatica produces simple or shallow-serrated leaves in terrestrial conditions but deep dissected leaves under submerged conditions. Regulation of CIN-TCP transcription factors by miR319 controls leaf complexity in several species and here we provide evidence that this regulatory module acts in the heterophylly of R. aquatica . RaTCP1 , one of the orthologs of AtTCP4 in R. aquatica , was identified as the most likely target of Raq-miR319b . Under submerged conditions that induced increased leaf complexity, RaTCP1 expression was reduced whereas Raq-miR319b expression was increased . Overexpressing Raq-miR319b in Arabidopsis thaliana reduced TCP gene expression and increased leaf serration. Ectopic expression of RaTCP1 rescued the phenotype of crinkled leaf form in tcp mutants of A. thaliana . The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in terrestrial leaves of R. aquatica , while it was absent in submerged conditions. We found that the expression of Raq-miR319b can be induced by submergence, while it was repressed by ABA. Our results indicate that the environments regulated heterophylly in R. aquatica occur through the miR319-TCP module. These findings provide novel insights into how the plasticity of leaf shape is established in aquatic plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".