The EDGE-CALIFA survey: Star formation relationships for galaxies at different stages of their evolution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Galaxy evolution is largely driven by star formation activity or by the cessation of it, also called star formation quenching. In this paper, we present fundamental star formation scaling relations for groups of galaxies at different evolutionary stages. To do so, we used the integrated Extragalactic Database for Galaxy Evolution (iEDGE), which collects homogenised CO, optical continuum, and emission line information for 643 galaxies drawn from the CALIFA IFU dataset. By considering the patterns described by star-forming and retired regions across the galactic disc, we grouped the galaxies into different quenching stages using the emission line classification scheme, QueStNA . We observed that the molecular gas mass ( M mol ) decreases from star-forming to retired systems and so does the molecular-to-stellar mass ratio ( f mol ). In contrast, star formation efficiency (SFE) is largely constant in the quenching stages dominated by star formation and rapidly declines afterwards. Additionally, we observed that this rapid decline is more pronounced in the centre of the galaxies compared to the rest of the discs, reflecting the inside-out quenching often displayed by nearby galaxies. We also noticed that the relations between M mol and the stellar mass ( M * ) become increasingly shallow with the quenching stages; however, the relations between the star formation rate and M mol steepen when moving from star-forming to retired systems. We also observed that a three-dimensional relation between star formation rate, M * , and M mol exists only for purely star-forming galaxies, while data points from other quenching groups are scattered across the parameter space. Taken together, these pieces of evidence indicate that the quenching of the galaxies cannot be explained solely by a depletion of the molecular gas and that a significant decrease in the SFE is necessary to retire the centre of the galaxies beyond the star formation green valley.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".