Reversible Photochromism and Multicolor Luminescence Modulation for X‐Ray Detection and Secure Information Encryption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Conventional X‐ray‐responsive materials face significant limitations including instability, complex processing, low resolution, or single‐mode signaling, which hinder advanced X‐ray detection, imaging, and anti‐counteferting. Addressing these challenges, a comprehensive investigation is conducted on multifunctional Eu 3+ ‐doped Gd 2 SiO 5 , a material that combines photochromism with radioluminescence and photoluminescence. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, the reversible X‐ray‐induced photochromism (arising from oxygen vacancy‐related color centers) and tunable multicolor emission (from self‐trapped exciton states and Eu 3+ transitions) are revealed. These mechanisms enable dual‐mode, linear optical responses to X‐ray dose via dynamic absorption and emission modulation. The optimized phosphor achieves high light yield (47041 photons MeV −1 ), high spatial resolution, and stability under harsh conditions. Integration into flexible PDMS films facilitates high‐resolution X‐ray imaging devices. Critically, by leveraging intrinsic multicolor luminescence, a prototype of selective information encryption using optical filters and decryption via RGB color channel separation is demonstrated. These findings highlight the versatility of Gd 2 SiO 5 :Eu 3+ phosphors and their potential to drive innovations in next‐generation X‐ray imaging, sensing, and security technologies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".