Bombyx mori Jun gene is involved in endoreplication of silk gland cells by regulating S-phase cell cycle genes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• The JNK signaling pathway is involved in silkworm cell cycle and silk gland endoreplication regulation. • The BmJun gene inhibits cell cycle progression, DNA synthesis rate, and cell division capacity. • BmJun knockout in the MSG enlarges MSG cells, increases MSG diameter, and elevates both silk diameter and yield. • The BmJun gene binds to the promoters of the BmCDK2 , BmCyclinA and BmCyclinE genes to negatively regulate their expression. Endoreplication as a variant of the cell cycle is an important avenue of development and reproduction for organisms. Endoreplication-induced polyploid cells are pivotal in ensuring the normal size and function of tissues and organs. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that a multitude of signaling pathways exert regulatory effects on endoreplication, and the regulatory network still needs further clarification. Herein, we uncovered the contributions of the JNK signaling pathway and the downstream BmJun gene to the silkworm cell cycle and silk gland endoreplication. Our data indicated that the BmJun gene induced G0/G1 phase arrest in BmN-SWU1 cells, decreased the rate of DNA synthesis, inhibited the process of cell division in the M phase, and decreased the proliferative activity of the cells. We revealed that BmJun knockout in the middle silk gland (MSG) resulted in a 30 % enlargement of the cells, triggering a 20 % expansion of the MSG diameter and a thickening of cocoon silk filaments by 17 %, accompanied by a 16 % increase in silk yield. Furthermore, we showed that MSG-specific BmJun knockout promoted endoreplication by inducing the expression of S-phase genes. We confirmed that the BmJun gene could target the promoters of the BmCDK2 , BmCyclinA and BmCyclinE genes, thereby exerting negative regulatory functions. These findings offer crucial perspectives regarding the functionality of the Jun protein subfamily in cell cycle regulation and further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying endoreplication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".