Downy Brome ( <i>Bromus tectorum</i> ) Is a Host for the Causal Agents of Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat in the Dryland Pacific Northwest
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) causes significant yield and quality loss of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. The green bridge, defined in the 1980s as a phytopathological phenomenon at a landscape level, refers to any living plant material that can act as an intermediate host for pathogens and pests. Since its definition, the advent of herbicide-resistant wheat and increased in-crop grassy herbicide use merited investigation of the green bridge concept at a smaller scale: within the field. This study examined downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.), the most prevalent grassy weed in dryland wheat production of the PNW, as a model system to study the role of grassy weeds in FCR occurrence and potential transmission. In crop years (CYs) 2023 and 2024, B. tectorum samples were collected from three counties in northeast Oregon (Umatilla, Morrow, and Sherman), and qRT-PCR was used to quantify the DNA concentration of Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. The results indicated the colonization of both FCR pathogens on living B. tectorum for all site-years. The DNA concentration of F. culmorum was higher in Sherman and Umatilla counties compared with Morrow County in CY 2024 only, whereas the DNA concentration of F. pseudograminearum was similar among the study sites in both CYs. This preliminary study highlights B. tectorum as a host to FCR pathogens with potential transmission to wheat and provides a foundation for further research to improve FCR control through weed management and weigh disease risk potential when utilizing grassy herbicides. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it