Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article examines the use of "traditional" Russian patriotic rhetoric during the German-Soviet War of 1941-1945. This war, from the first days of the German invasion of the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, began to be called the Great Patriotic War in Soviet official documents. With the outbreak of the war, Soviet patriotic discourse turned to the historical experience of military victories of the Russian people and, above all, to the "Patriotic War" of 1812, thereby ending the period of revolutionary internationalism that dominated after the October Revolution of 1917. According to some historians, the appeal to past victories of Russian arms became one of the factors in the general mobilization of the population of the Soviet Union to fight against the external enemy and its incredible heroism in the war. Other historians doubt the mobilizing power of Soviet patriotism for the population and its desire to defend Stalin's Russia, which most of this population hated. Nevertheless, these historians believe that the first news of Nazi atrocities and terror against the Soviet population in the occupied territory of the Soviet Union left no alternative but to defend the homeland. At the same time, an appeal to historical evidence of the era indicates a multiplicity of patriotic discourses addressed to Soviet soldiers and the population from the beginning of the war, as well as the fact that patriotism did not receive the due response among the population and its real role in the German-Soviet war seems to be overstated. It is not only about Soviet patriotism. From the very beginning of the war, the Nazis launched their "patriotic" propaganda aimed at the peoples of the USSR, including the Russians. On both sides of the front line, love of the fatherland was used for combat mobilization, unity, and overcoming differences. Patriotisms of the Great Patriotic War are always multiple, contradictory, and often inconsistent. Most Soviet citizens were probably not patriots in 1941, and it is doubtful that they became so during the war, although all combatants were subjected to intense patriotic discourse and socialization
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".