De gré ou de force : L'entrée des travailleurs québécois dans la société de consommation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Quelle part les gens ordinaires ont-ils prise dans les transformations qui marquent l'entrée dans la société de consommation? Nous étudions ce phénomène par le biais de l'histoire du crédit, en adoptant une perspective « bottom up » qui met aussi en lumière l'agentivité des acteurs sociaux. Notre analyse combine une approche matérialiste de la consommation des travailleurs urbains entre les années 1940 et 1970 et l'étude des politiques, discours et débats internes des organisations syndicales et du mouvement coopératif auxquels, à cette époque, ils adhèrent en grand nombre. Notre principal terrain d'enquête est Montréal, grande ville industrielle et métropole nord-américaine. L'historiographie canadienne a jusqu'ici insisté sur la lenteur des changements des comportements de consommation après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ainsi que sur la prudence des Canadiens à cet égard. Nos sources les présentent sous un autre jour. Après la guerre, les travailleurs et les ménages des classes populaires que nous étudions intègrent rapidement à la gestion de leur budget les nouvelles formes de crédit qui leur sont accessibles. Ils ne se contentent cependant pas de répondre à l'offre de nouvelles institutions, mais créent eux-mêmes des coopératives de crédit ou, à titre de membres, insistent pour que les coopératives Desjardins, dont le réseau est en plein essor, modifient leurs politiques de prêt. Ce sont enfin, selon nous, les pressions qu'ils exercent, en même temps que le constat des nouvelles réalités de leur consommation, qui incitent leurs syndicats à défendre non seulement la légitimité de leurs aspirations à un meilleur niveau de vie, mais celle de leur accès au crédit. Abstract: What part did ordinary people play in the transformations that ushered in the consumer society? We study this phenomenon through the history of credit, adopting a "bottom-up" perspective that also highlights the agency of social actors. Our analysis combines a materialist approach to the consumption of urban workers between the 1940s and 1970s with a study of the policies, discourses and internal debates of the trade union organizations and cooperative movement to which large numbers of them adhered during this period. Our main field of investigation is Montréal, a major industrial city and North American metropolis. Canadian historiography has hitherto emphasized the slow pace of changes in consumer behaviour after the Second World War, and the cautiousness of Canadians in this respect. Our sources cast them in a different light. After the war, the workers and working-class households we study quickly integrate the new forms of credit available to them into their budget management. They are not content, however, to respond to the offer of new institutions, but are themselves creating credit unions or, in their capacity as members, insisting that the Desjardins cooperatives, with their rapidly expanding network, modify their lending policies. In our view, it is the pressure they exert, together with the new realities of their consumption, that are prompting their unions to defend not only the legitimacy of their aspirations to a better standard of living, but also their access to credit.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".