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Record W4412582529 · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102112

The infant neural mirroring system: A quarter-century in review

2025· article· en· W4412582529 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Lauren J. Bryant

Bibliographic record

VenueInfant Behavior and Development · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicAction Observation and Synchronization
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMirroringQuarter (Canadian coin)Computer scienceHistoryPsychologyCommunicationArchaeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

How humans understand others' actions is a line of critical inquiry in the psychological sciences. The neural mirroring system, which activates during both action observation and execution, has been proposed as a key mechanism underlying action understanding and related socio-cognitive functions (e.g., imitation). Examinations of the infant neural mirroring system offer valuable insights into the ontogeny of this system and its potential role in early social cognition. The 21st century has yielded the emergence and rapid expansion of research on the development of this system and its putative links to various socio-cognitive processes. However, debates within the broader neural mirroring literature question whether there is sufficient evidence supporting this system's role in social cognition. Moreover, methodological inconsistencies across studies of the infant neural mirroring system hinder a cohesive understanding of how this functions across contexts and development. The current review examines research on the infant neural mirroring system from the past quarter-century and highlights theoretical and methodological limitations of this work, as well as critical avenues for future research.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.008

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0030.003
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.327
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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